Painter Print

Nowadays there are just too many people trying to give you something of a less (or no) value at a very high price. Why do you buy it? Why do they do it? Will they succeed?

And they question is not about information products. You see, there is a difference between price and value. You don’t buy a price, you buy a value. And if a value of a e-book or a book is ten times higher than it’s price - you’ve made a good deal, even if you paid $5000 for a book.

The question here is like this: many people are trying to give you information which they haven’t even tried. They’ve probably heard it from someone, and started to spread a word. But that first person also haven’t tested this idea, but heard it from someone. And that one was just too lazy to test it and see that it doesn’t work at all.

Well, I’ve been in this situation many times. One person came to me and told that automatic link exchanges is a fantastic opportunity. I was too stupid and haven’t asked him if he tested this technique himself.

I have tried this and got the results. For sometime my site was climbing up in search engines, I’ve got about 1000 links in just 2 weeks. WooHoo! Yep? Too Early!

Some time passed and one of my sites started falling in search engines and I still can’t understand why. Maybe it was a penalization for linking to some page, maybe something else have happened, I don’t know. But the fact is later on my site left search engine listings. Well I have worked hard again and got it back, without automatic links anymore.

I don’t say that this type of linking is worthless. Maybe for someone it works, but for others - don’t. What I am telling is - test, try and analyze everything you hear from someone about some new (or even old) technique to do something really fast. Or some lazy and free way to do something.

Believe me - if there is a lazy and free way to do something - a lot of people have already tried it before. And some of them already succeeded. And started to spread a word. Ten times more people heard about it and came. Tested, it worked and started to spread a word.

Okay, now let’s imagine a car with a bumper. Pretty easy? Okay, let’s put a bumper sticker in there with a site address. Ah-ha! Ten days later few people came to the site. You told it to your friend and he also put a sticker on his car. Okay, people are still coming. Few years later half a city has bumper stickers with web addresses. Someone comes to you and tell: “Hey! Wanna promote? Put a bumper sticker! It works!”

You put a sticker. But.. Stickers are everywhere already and people don’t care about it anymore. Because there are a lot of people who used this free and lazy way for cheap sites with lots of banner links and no info.

So people just don’t care about stickers, cause it’s something everyone can do. And it’s have already been done by millions by the time you hear about that. Even if you invented it. Information nowadays spreading so fast that your invention could have been already invented a year ago.

What to do about all this? Try to create new things out of what you already know. Try to invent! Try not to use easy and lazy techniques everyone is telling you about.

About The Author

Max Clixel is an author of www.Clixels.com “Clixelling your way to Marketing”.

You can reprint this article freely as long as it’s reprinted completely including this paragraph with active link and without any changes.

Every woman passes the important phase of her life when she becomes an expecting mother. Women have a wider role in the process of reproduction and as such during those tough months it becomes necessary that she is being given the utmost care. Because the health of the future offspring depends upon the health of the mother, you should quite be aware of the do’s and don’ts during this period.

Tips for a healthy dietary plan
A balanced diet is the main rule for healthy eating when you are expecting that means your diet should include plenty of fruits, vegetables, proteins, grains and hydrating fluids. There are some food habits that could be harmful for your child and that’s the only part you should avoid.

Things you should avoid among your eating habits
1. If you love junk food it could give some extra calories without the nutritional benefits of healthy food and therefore try to curb it. Have an apple instead of doughnut.

2. You should totally avoid alcohol and caffeine because these avoid the absorption of two important nutrients (folic acid and iron) that are important during pregnancy and could effect the fetus with long term developmental effects.

3. A healthy diet should have around 20 percent of fat during pregnancy and all food has some proportion of fats. Fruits have 3 to 14 percent of fat, grains have 3 to 10 percent of fats, and veggies have 1 to 10 percent of fats as such you cant avoid fats totally but you don’t need enough fat either.

4. Many of the food that we take are full of preservatives, colorings, flavor enhancers and also hormones and antibiotics. These may help in making the taste of the food better but also produce few chemical residues and additives out of which most are safe but needs to be avoided. Such additives include Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavor enhancer that could lead to headaches and stomach upsets. Food colorings that are unsafe are blue 1, blue 2, green 3, red 3 and yellow 6. Olestra or Olean, Saccharin, red meat with much fat should also be avoided.

5. You should take pasteurized food that removes bacteria form food and is healthy during pregnancy. Some common foods that are not pasteurized include ciders and fresh pressed juices where you should check the labeling to ensure that they are pasteurized. Some bottled smoothies and yogurt drinks, raw milk cheeses are not pasteurized and could be harmful during pregnancy.

6. Sea food such as fish is very healthy but you should avoid fishes such as shellfish like oysters that may contain bacteria. Swordfish, shark, tilefish may contain high levels of methyl mercury and could harm the developing fetus. Self caught fishes should be checked if they contain any contaminants and tropical fishes like grouper, and amberjack may contain some harmful toxins. Seared fishes like sushi and sashimi are out of question here.

7. Before taking fruits and vegetables you should wash them thoroughly and simply avoid sprouts that may contain bacteria called E.coli.

8. There is risk in the intake of raw meat and eggs as they may carry illness as such avoid shrimp cocktails, frankfurters, luncheon meats and smoked fish meat during pregnancy.

9. You may think that herbals are harmless but even though you need top avoid raspberry tea, co hash, ginseng and green tea that could stimulate the contractions. You can take fruit, ginger or mint teas.

10. Never think of dieting during pregnancy but to nourish a healthy, growing baby is your responsibility so forget about high carbohydrates, low fat diet or liquid diets and supplements. You should have three balanced meals during a day. Vegetarian food is safe if you take supplements such as vitamin B12, iron, zinc, folic acid, magnesium, calcium and vitamin D.

11. Avoid poorly packaged or stored foods that could be spoiled or unhygenically packed. You should keep your food safe and thus always go for eating hot food hot and cold food cold. Don’t take foods where the packing has an expiry date and you have crossed the time limits. You can use your nose to check if the food smells spoiled and if doubt, chuck it. Never take out frozen foods to thaw on the counter all afternoon but you can put them in the refrigerator in the morning and defrost in the microwave just before cooking. Keep your cooking surfaces clean and use smooth surfaces to cut meat.

For more information visit our recommended website womensreproductivehealth.info

Olivia Andrews, writer of womensreproductivehealth.info is a freelance journalist and has written many reviews on subjects such as finance, education, health, entertainment, music, gifts, crafts, travel, apparels and mobile phones.

In the past, the Greeks and the Romans thought that the diamonds were tears of Gods and small pieces of stars. There were also the Hindus, who thought that the diamonds had so much power that they put diamonds in the eyes of some of their statues. Other people believed that an unapproachable valley in Central Asia covered by diamonds existed. One said that this valley was “kept by birds of prey and protected by snakes of mortal stare”.

Besides believing that diamonds could attract luck and success, people also thought that they could defy the astrological events. Many people used them as jewels, supposing they would be increasing their sexual power and capacity to attract. Even Plato wrote about diamonds, describing them as living creatures, impersonating divine spirits.

Until the 15th century, only kings were allowed to use diamonds, having them as a symbol of courage, power and invincibility. But as the centuries passed by, the diamond started to acquire its status of sublime proof of love. Currently, they are related to the love, romance and myth.

We probably will never know when the first diamond was discovered, but we do know that, from the ancient times to the 18th century, all the diamonds of the world came from India. From the period of the Roman Empire to the appearance of the first Europeans to India, in the beginning of the 16th century, the commercial relations between Europe and Eastern Asia bloomed.

One of the main routes of the diamond commerce was in Venice. The city became the most important mercantile republic of the western world. It enjoyed the monopoly of the commerce of the diamond course to the main cities of the south of Germany until its final destiny, Brussels. Since this city became the final phase of the commercial route, it became a promising centre of diamond stature, and the reputation of the city in this sector did not stop increasing. Even though Brussels maintained their predominance until the end of the 14th century, they began to decline in a lapse of fifty years. The diamond trade and numerous other economic activities of Brussels were moved progressively to the city of Ambers, which offered more recent and better facilities for the communications and the commercial exchange. In 1866, the first diamond in South Africa was discovered. Following this was the discovery of the deposits of Kimberley few years later, giving birth to the fabulous era of Kimberley.

The word diamond comes from the Greek word ‘ adamas ‘, meaning invincible, and ‘ diaphanes ‘, that means transparent. In the past centuries, people believed that a diamond could reattach a wrecked marriage. It was used also in battles as a symbol of courage.

Even though the diamond is the hardest rock known by men, it is the only precious gem with only one element: carbon. Nevertheless, it can only be melted when exposed to a temperature of 5500 degrees Celsius! Billions of years before, the basic forces of heat and pressure miraculously transformed the carbon into diamond through volcano lava underneath the earth. In some way, this volcanic mass was expelled out of the earthly crust, cooling soon to be found as diamonds in rudimentary form. No acid can destroy them, and they are capable to cut anything on Earth, therefore, they only can be cut with themselves.

However, are the diamonds really forever? If they appeared miraculously, can they be destroyed? As incredible as it may seem, the small diamond that adorn the ring that you gave your wife will probably last forever - at least while Earth exists. They are the most resistant minerals of the planet, and only can be melted when displayed to a temperature of 5500C. The problem is that the global atmosphere will never achieve this high temperature, even if it was to be hit by an enormous meteor that would eliminate all forms of life. They only would melt if, one day, the planet literally entered the Sun, which has a temperature of 5800C. The curious thing is that, according to astronomers, in 7,5 billion years our planet will actually enter the Sun, when the star will be next to death. If you think diamonds will disappear then, you might be wrong. When such episode happens, the temperature of the Sun will lower to about 3000C. That means that even when Earth reaches an atmosphere as hot and dense as Mercury’s atmosphere, we will still be able to find some small diamonds spread around.

More Information and weekly updated resources about diamonds at www.diamondbb.com/

Having my period is a feminine experience. I don’t think of menstruation as a punishment, a sentence, a burden or something I want to be rid of. It is the natural flow of female hormones. Those hormones protect my bones, my heart, my sex drive, my skin and more. And I know that menstruation is often a barometer of a woman’s reproductive health, showing that her body is running smoothly. Menstruating can sometimes be uncomfortable and a bit of a hassle but I can live with both for the benefits those hormones provide.

Culture vs. Change

Patriarchal views have been subjugating women for centuries. D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930), British author of Give Her a Pattern wrote, “When a woman is thoroughly herself, she is being what her type of man wants her to be. When a woman is hysterical it’s because she doesn’t quite know what to be, which pattern to follow, which man’s picture of woman to live up to.” One can only surmise Mr. Lawrence believed women of his day to be both unable to make a choice without the direction of their men and unable to control their emotional behaviors.

The belief that women are somehow “less than” men or are responsible for being some pre-cast version of what male society desires of them, and unable to decide for themselves, still prevails today.

The culture of thinking of menstruation as unhygienic, shameful and unhealthful is rivaled in its ignorance only by the unenlightened view that menstruating women are emotionally friable, incapacitated, incompetent and needful of male direction or patience.

In Gloria Steinem’s delightfully funny essay If Men Could Menstruate (Oct.1978, Ms. Magazine) she wrote: (If men menstruated instead of women)…”The answer is clear - menstruation would become an enviable, boast-worthy, masculine event: Men would brag about how long and how much.”

It is unwise of women to continue to perpetuate the negative stereo types and cultural inaccuracies about menstruation that survive today. By doing so we lead the way to further derogatory, feminine bashing comments and beliefs.

In Our Own Words

The curse, on the rag, being indisposed, riding the string, the crimson tide, a visit from Aunt Flow, monthly courses, a girl thing: The words women choose to describe their menses are an accurate portrayal of our modern, negative feelings toward menstruation.

If women don’t change the negative connotations and shed the outlandish folklorist beliefs, then the shaming rhetoric will perpetuate as an unwelcome gift left to our daughters and granddaughters.

Taking Back Our Self Respect

Unfortunately there are both men and women who believe that menstruation is an unnecessary and unhealthy process that can lead to countless physical and emotional problems.

In their book, Is Menstruation Obsolete? (Oxford University Press, 1999) authors Elsimar M. Coutinho, M.D., Ph.D. and Sheldon J. Segal, Ph.D., M.D go so far as to suggest that the most medically advanced treatment for menstruation would be its total cessation in all women of reproductive age.

These views and products like Seasonale, a medication that reduces a woman’s menstruation to only four times a year, set a dangerous precedent toward thinking the nature of a woman’s body is somehow flawed for its normal hormonal cycle.

I do agree that there are some women who find medically necessary relief in the use of such medications. Painful menstruation, prevention of prolonged bleeding or as a form of birth control these medications have true benefit. But I take exception to patriarchal comments that dictate the need to give medical “treatment” to prevent natural, uncomplicated menstruation.

Feminine Feminism

Simon de Beauvior in the Second Sex wrote, “Menstrual blood represents the essence of femininity.” Only women can fully understand the complexities and deeply personal experiences of menstruation. And only women can pioneer the cultural and societal changes toward the understanding that menstruation is healthy, natural and normal for women in their reproductive years.

Women aren’t simply castrated men. Our bodies are unique and menstruating is a natural, not a mystical, event. Women’s bodies don’t need “treatment” for menstruation. Societal views need to be brought to a true reflection of today’s landscape and it is women who must lead the way.

We women need to take back our self-respect and empower each other. Menstruation is an ultimately feminine experience and a celebration of womanhood. All women need to stand up and make that known by not offering to excuse their behaviors as hormonally motivated, by not seeking “treatment” to rid themselves of the normal, natural physical cycle that menstruation is and by using the best possible language to describe its process. Only then will menstruation lose its power to be a tool to further degrade our sex.

———————————————–

For more information: The Museum of Menstruation & Women’s Health - art, history and opinion: http://www.mum.org/

The National Women’s Health Information Center: http://www.4woman.gov/faq/menstru.htm

Kids Health - Talking to your child about menstruation: http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/growth/growing/talk_about_menstruation.html

About The Author

Angela Butera Dickson is a full service, freelance copywriter offering some of the best prices on the web. From articles to brochure copy, ghostwriting to marketing letters, she can help you cultivate a polished, professional business image. www.angeladickson.com

angela@angeladickson.com

Shopping for a bra can be a long and painful task for many women. There are many bras to chose from and many women don’t know which style, and more importantly size, is right for them.

When shopping for a bra, finding the right size is vital; it is estimated that about 80% of women are wearing the wrong bra size. To make sure the bra you are buying is the correct size, watch for the following signs.

You should measure the width of your chest just below your breasts (on your ribs) before buying a bra. Take this number and add five inches to it. This will tell you what band size you should be trying on. For example, if you measure 31 inches around, you should be trying on a 36 sized bras. If you’re number ends up being odd, go to the next size up. If you are “plus sized”, you don’t have to add these five inches.

To find your correct cup size, have someone measure around the fullest part of your breasts. You should not wear a padded bra while doing this. Then take this number and subtract it from your rib measurement. This will tell you your cup size.

Negative difference - AA

1 inch - A
2 inch - B
3 inch - C
4 inch - D
5 inch - DD or E
6 inch - DDD or F
7 inch - DDDD or G

If your bra fits correctly, it should be snug around the middle, but still be able to fit one or two fingers under the band comfortably. If you can’t do this, the bra is too tight. If the band comes away from your body very easily or the band rides up your back, the bra is too big. If you are wearing an under wire bra, the wire should lay flat across your chest. Whereas if you are wearing a bra with no under wire, it should separate your breasts so it doesn’t look like you have one big boob. You should also look for the tightness of the bra on the breast. The breast should fill the cup perfectly. If your breast is lower than the cup, the cup is too big, but on the other hand, you don’t want to be spilling out of the cup either. If your breasts are popping out on the sides, top or bottom, the bra is too small. If the band feels fine, just go up a cup size. When shopping for a bra, try raising your arms over your head- the bra should stay in place and not lift off of your chest. If it does this, its too big.

If you follow these tips, your next shopping trip for bras should be more enjoyable. Try on all different styles of bras to see which kind suits you best. Also, never rush while shopping for bras. Pay attention to how they look and feel to make sure you buy the perfect fit.

Barney Garcia writes about many different topics. He is a proud contributing author and invites you to his websites. www.breast-enhancement-facts.info - www.simply-breast-enhancement.info

Online game contests are hardened much more different than the people who win who are not chosen by hazard but by an good piece of some skill. Cyber sweepstakes and online actions are prohibited from involving a bribe to enter. Entering online sweepstakes by mail is going down in good popularity at this present. Easy sweepstakes are broadly much more comfortable and faster to enter than contest websites. Sweepstakes are also legally different from the fun websites in Cape Coral Florida. 6 days ago also a Europe based dutch online company took of a online game contest and is also legally different. You can win great computers now every 3 weeks even if you live in Monrovia California or in Janesville Wisconsin, isn’t that marvelous. Lots of more funny online contests are choosing to enter online internet sweepstakes. That should be fantastic to win BMWs worth 680 euro and that simple. Online promotions advertised as online contests, in time, can need an entry fee or proof of purchase. Translated in Dutch: Leef jij in Sint-Michielsgestel of Ridderkerk en wil jij graag vaker een prijs winnen’ Met Windeprijsvraag.nl winnen is nog nooit zo eenvoudig geweest. Geweldige prijzen winnen met een windeprijsvraag.nl abonnement’ Vaak meer dan 404 prijzen per dag. Van Harderwijk tot Vlagtwedde, winnen met Windeprijsvraag gaat hier altijd. Een mevrouw van 42 heeft deze week nog een plasma TV weten te winnen. That’s why there are super speedboats to win at funny online contest and internet sweepstakes this quarter.

CCNA exam success depends partially on knowing the details of ISDN, and there are plenty of them! To help you review for your CCNA exam, here are a few ISDN details that you must know on exam day. (They help in the real world, too - and there are still plenty of ISDN networks out there!

The Cisco-proprietary version of HDLC is the default encapsulation type for serial and ISDN interfaces.

R2#show interface serial0

Serial0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)

While there’s only one D-channel in BRI, PRI (US) and PRI (EU), the bandwidth of that D-channel does vary from BRI to PRI. It’s 16 kbps in BRI and 64 kbps in both PRI versions.

The global command isdn switch-type must be configured before you can even begin to have ISDN work. show isdn status will tell you whether or not you’ve done this correctly.

R2#show isdn status

**** No Global ISDN Switchtype currently defined ****

ISDN BRI0 interface

dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = none

Layer 1 Status:

DEACTIVATED

Layer 2 Status:

Layer 2 NOT Activated

Layer 3 Status:

0 Active Layer 3 Call(s)

PAP allows passwords to be different; CHAP requires that they be the same.

PAP requires the “ppp pap sent-username” interface-level command. CHAP has no equivalent command.

Define interesting traffic with dialer-list and link that list to the interface with dialer-group.

R2#conf t

R2(config)#dialer-list 1 proto ip permit

R2(config)#int bri0

R2(config-if)#dialer-group 1

The dialer idle-timeout value is expressed in seconds, not minutes. (Even IOS Help isn’t totally clear on this.)

R2(config)#int bri0

R2(config-if)#dialer-group 1

R2(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout ?

<1-2147483> Idle timeout before disconnecting a call

R2(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout 120

Dialer map maps a remote IP address to a remote phone number. You never dial the local router’s phone number.

dialer load-threshold requires the ppp multilink command to be configured, and the value of dialer load-threshold is expressed as a ratio of 255, NOT 100. For example, if you want the second b-channel to come up when the first reaches 50% of capacity, the value to express with dialer load-threshold would be 50% of 255 - which equals 127.

R2(config)#int bri0

R2(config-if)#encap ppp

R2(config-if)#ppp multilink

R2(config-if)#dialer load-threshold ?

<1-255> Load threshold to place another call

Success on the CCNA exam depends on knowing the details. Keep studying, keep practicing on real Cisco routers and switches, keep a positive attitude, and you’re on your way to CCNA exam success!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages.

For a FREE copy of his latest e-books, “How To Pass The CCNA” and “How To Pass The CCNP”, visit the website and download your free copies. You can also get FREE CCNA and CCNP exam questions every day! Get your CCNA study guide from The Bryant Advantage!

There are loads of constructive benefits to wall-attaching a flatpanel telly, for instance freeing up ground or table space, nonetheless for many individuals the most important motive is just visual - because let’s face it, a wall-mounted telly seems very stylish. And the splendour of wall hanging television is that any person with even the most negligible “Do It Yourself” (DIY) skill can achieve it.

Obtaining a television bracket, the initial step is to find the best matched bracket for your TV. There is a great number of brackets to pick from, available for LCD TVs of all shapes, dimensions and weights, therefore it is imperative that you check you’re primed with your TV set’s key figures prior to setting off to the online retail shops. Furthermore before buying, mull over what class of suppleness you may well want after the telly is fitted, as different types of Plasma TV brackets present contrasting levels of lateral & vertical movement.

Fixed brackets keep the television close to the wall, & don’t let you to vary the horizontal or vertical angle. Their lack of complexity more often and not means that they are the most economical decision, although it can be problematic to get access to rear-hanged sockets. For superb discounts on LCD Wall Mounts, visit Digital Direct.

Tilt brackets, in the meantime, permit you to move the TV screen up or down to adjust the vertical screening direction, while ’tilt and swivel’ television brackets let you tilt the display forward and twist it from side to side.

Small screen Liquid Crystal Display (more regularly known as LCD) televisions can what’s more be suspended by brackets with more elaborate systems for better flexibility, making them wonderful for either kitchen or bedroom fitting. You can get brackets with an arm that revolve from left to right, or ones that tilt, swivel, pan and expand. These let you to situate the display at any possible angle & then push it away simply when you’re done watching your favourite television episode.

Are you dissatisfied with your job? Do you want to find a new one or at least make a move to another department within your company? Do you need certifications in MCSE, MCP and any of those other abbreviations? You need to sit down and decide what career path you wish to take if you want to go the Microsoft Certification route.

First of all, do you have any prior experience in the business world? If so, no matter what you decide to do, whether it is MCSE training or MCP training or anything else, you will be ahead of others with no prior professional expertise. However, if you choose to make a career change that is a complete 180 degrees from what you are doing now, you will have some trouble finding gainful employment without some concrete experience.

For instance, if you are an Administrative Assistant and decide to go for a Microsoft Certified System Engineer, better known as an MCSE, you need to have some practical experience (the basic requirement is about a year of previous experience) under your belt before even starting your MCSE training. How could you go about doing that? You have several options. Find a mentor. Maybe another person within your company who has an MCSE could give you pointers and some on-site knowledge into his job. Volunteering through a nonprofit or some other community organization could net you some valuable experience. Serving as an intern, whether paid or unpaid, is another option.

A volunteer position or an internship also is beneficial for those people with a fresh Microsoft certification but no practical, hands-on experience. Practically every nonprofit organization or community group has computers. Some of them are small groups and others have computer labs (perhaps state-run job placement places) with no budget to hire full-time staff. You have got to think outside the box for ways to gain that practical experience.

Networking mixers or social time is another great idea. You can mingle with professionals in the field you are trying to break into and find out about their internship opportunities. It is the perfect venue in which to sell or market yourself. Check out your local Chamber of Commerce for any local trade organizations in the prospective field as a starting point in this networking endeavor. Many times, you can find out some priceless information about the ins and outs of your potential area of certification. Learning from the experts could be an eye opening experience for you. Heck, you could even change your mind from braving those MCSE boot camps and the seven tests for MCSE exams. Isn’t it better to gain that insight before you spend the time and money?

Once you have completed your certification, whether it is navigating through MCP courses or any other Microsoft certification, be prepared to start from scratch in your new endeavor. Just remember, anything having to do with technology will change again in a year or two, so you have to keep up with new trends and that means continued instruction. As long as you travel the Microsoft route, you’ll be successful.

James Croydon, Microsoft Certified Professional and MCSE Certification advisor - focusing on MCSE Online and MCSE Online Certification

For CCNA and CCNP candidates, it’s hard not to laugh the first time you hear the phrase “router on a stick”. Let’s face it, that’s a pretty silly term. But as those who have passed the CCNA and CCNP exams know, this is a vital exam topic that you must know how to configure and troubleshoot.

Basic Cisco theory states that for hosts in different VLANs to communicate, a Layer 3 device must be involved to handle the routing between the VLANs. That device is a router, and there are special considerations that must be taken into account for both the physical router itself and the configuration you’ll be writing.

The router will be connected to a switch via a FastEthernet port (or higher). The router port cannot be a regular Ethernet port, since the router port will need the ability to send and receive data at the same time.

The configuration of the interface is where things get interesting. Let’s say we have two VLANs that will be using router-on-a-stick to communicate.
Here is the VLAN information:

VLAN 20: 20.20.20.0 /24
VLAN 40: 40.40.40.0 /24

The port on the switch that will be connected to the router’s FastEthernet port must be in trunking mode, and you must know the trunking protocol in use. We’ll go with the Cisco-proprietary ISL here.

The physical FE port on the router will not have an IP address. The use of router-on-a-stick mandates the use of logical subinterfaces. While we don’t have to use the VLAN numbers for the subinterface numbers, I’ve found this helps you keep the interfaces straight. One subinterface must be given an IP address in VLAN 20, and the other will have an IP address in VLAN 40.

After creating subinterfaces fast 0.20 and fast 0.40, the config looks like this:

interface fastethernet0
no ip address
interface FastEthernet 0.20
ip address 20.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet 0.40
ip address 40.40.40.1 255.255.255.0

Believe it or not, you’re almost done! Now we need the encapsulation statement under each subinterface. The subinterface statement must reflect both the VLAN number and the encapsulation type being used. When we’re finished, the config would look like this:

interface fastethernet0
no ip address
interface FastEthernet 0.20
ip address 20.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation isl 20
interface FastEthernet 0.40
ip address 40.40.40.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation isl 40

And that’s it! Your hosts in VLAN 20 should now be able to communicate with hosts in VLAN 40, and vice versa.

A couple of final troubleshooting points - the most common error with router-on-a-stick is to put the wrong vlan number in the encapsulation statement. Also, make sure you have configured the router’s IP address in VLAN 20 as the default gateway for hosts in VLAN 20, and do the same for VLAN 40.

I hope you’ve enjoyed this look at router-on-a-stick. While the name may get a chuckle out of you, it’s still used in quite a few networks out there, and knowing how to configure and troubleshoot it will get you that much closer to earning your CCNA and CCNP.

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (www.thebryantadvantage.com), home of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages. Video courses and training, binary and subnetting help, and corporate training are also available.

For a FREE copy of his latest e-books, “How To Pass The CCNA” or “How To Pass The CCNP”, send a request to chris@thebryantadvantage.com today !