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Exercises for golfers may seem like an oxymoron, but I’m here to tell they are most definitely not. Golf is physical! Golf causes injury! Golf can very easily break down the body! To hit the ball maximum distance, your body has to have a higher level of golf specific strength and flexibility.

The above statements are fact.

To play your best golf you need to implement exercises for golfers as soon as possible. The sooner you start, the sooner you will see results on the course.

So what’s the difference between going to the gym and plopping down on machines and doing exercises for golfers?

First off…do you sit when you play golf?

Then why would you sit in a “controlled” machine thinking it will improve your golf?

Golf is “on your feet” and in a dynamic position (golf posture).

Because the demands for golf are so unique, you need to approach your golf improvement from a different angle than just going into a gym and thinking it will help your golf game.

Exercises for golfers doesn’t just mean strength exercises. You’ve got to do golf stretching exercises as well.

Whenever I hear a golfer say he/she needs to stretch more…my first thought is “they are missing the boat”. Golf stretching without golf exercise is not permanent flexibility.

Here’s an example for you.

Stretch a rubber band. Now stretch it more and more. What happens to the rubber band? It gets brittle and eventually breaks.

Picture your muscles just like that rubber band.

The winning combination is golf exercise and golf stretching . This will give you the best results.

When putting together your exercises for golfers program, take a look at the body position required to make a mechanically sound swing.

Once you realize this dynamic and very unique position, you can do golf exercises specific to this position.

Things to remember.

• Do the majority of your golf exercises on your feet.
• Do them in your golf posture if at all possible.
• Keep your knees flexed, just like your golf swing.
• Do as many rotational exercises as possible.
• Make sure to do the follow through side of the swing.
• Do a high enough repetition to promote golf muscular endurance.

Exercises for golfers can be fun and keep you motivated to stick with your program. Adherence is the main culprit for lack of results. Like any fitness or weight loss program, if you don’t do it consistently you won’t see the results.

Staying motivated by picturing the “end-result” on the course will be a huge help. Envision you on that first tee a more powerful and fit golfer. Picture blasting your drives by all your playing partners. And lastly, paint a strong visual of you having the lowest score consistently when you play in your normal golf groups.

I hope you now have a better understanding of exercises for golfers.

About The Author: Mike Pedersen is the featured expert for Golf Magazine’s GolfOnline.com site, one of the top golf performance experts in the country, author and founder of several cutting-edge online golf performance sites. Take a look at his just released golf performance dvds and manual at his improve golf swing site - Perform Better Golf.

For some reason or another, Major League Baseball seems to have a very bias fan base. For big games such as Boston vs. New York Yankees the crowd is always huge, yet when there is an interleague game such as the White Sox vs. Cubs there is a severe drop in the numbers.

Well now that the first weekend of interleague game play is under the MLB’s belt, there are so very interesting facts. With the subway series between the Yankees and the Mets there was a crowd in numbers of 56,289 fans. With the Cubs and White Sox, a seat filling of 39,387 was recorded. Finally the Red Sox and Phillies drew in 44,809, for their attendance record.

What this all means is that there was a 26.4 per cent increase in the numbers for interleague play. Prior to these numbers, the league was very concerned over the fan base for interleague games. Prior to the weekends games the average was a mere 29,148 fans attending.

Between the 42 interleague games that were played there was a base of 1,547,409 fans that made for an attendance record. Given the fact that this is suppose to be America’s favorite pastime, it is surprising that such small numbers attend such games, when you think about it there are die hard fans loving their team, and there are fans of the sport in general.

Where exactly are all these general fans when the interleague games are played? Many times these interleague games come at a cheaper ticket price, as the MLB know that they are not as popular, why not fill some of those seats and bring the game back to its normally high attendance records?

Read more exciting sports articles at Suite101

After many trips through the rumor mill, Mark Prior accepted the Chicago Cubs’ offer on January 27 to a one-year, $3.65 million contract. That is $900,000 more than the salary he would have earned under the contract he voided in November. Since Prior’s definitive season in 2003 (18-6), he has cooled off somewhat, and has only managed to go 17-11 over the past two seasons. The Cubs were within five outs of reaching the World Series in 2003, due, in part, to Prior’s performance. A sore elbow put him on the disabled list early last season, and when he entered the normal rotation again, he was hit on the same elbow by a scorching line drive. He finished the 2005 season going 11-7 with a 3.67 ERA over 27 games.

The Chicago Cubs’ pitcher, whose name has been mentioned as possible trade bait this off-season, said that he was not too upset at the rumors because he figured they were just that — rumors. Rumor had it that he was going to the Philadelphia Phillies in exchange for outfielder Bobby Abreu, but that wasn’t to be. During the holidays, he was supposed to be traded to Baltimore for shortstop Miguel Tejada. That also did not happen. “It’s part of the game,” Prior said. “Obviously, when somebody requests a trade, a team has to look into it. I don’t really validate the rumors a whole lot unless I hear that ‘[general manager] Jim Hendry’ says or ‘[team president] Andy MacPhail says’ or ‘[manager] Dusty [Baker] says’ — otherwise, they’re just rumors. It seems like there are a lot of MLB sources this year. Unless somebody calls me up and says, ‘Hey, we’re serious about doing this,’ there’s not a whole lot for me to think about because I don’t have a whole lot to say.”

If the fans had any say in it, Prior would never wear another uniform besides his Cubs No. 22 jersey. When the right-hander was introduced to the crowd jammed inside the Grand Ballroom at the Hilton Chicago during opening ceremonies for the 21st Cubs Convention, he was greeted with the chant, “No trade, no trade.” Most Cubs fans remember that Prior’s 10 strikeouts in his very first start was the most by any Cubs pitcher in over 30 years. “I’ve never been ticked or anything,” Prior said. “I felt if anything was going to be done, somebody would’ve called me and said something. Otherwise, it was business as usual. I was obviously going to pitch for somebody this season, and I had to get ready.”

There was also a rumor that Prior decided to void the last year of his contract because he was angry at the Cubs. That also was not true. “That was something that was written in the contract,” he said of his ability to be eligible for arbitration. “That was in the negotiations five years ago. We felt it was fair at the time. It was basically the last two years [of the contract] - if I’m eligible for arbitration, I have the privilege to go to arbitration.” Prior will make more money in 2006 thanks to this foresight.

“I’ve been spending this off season trying to iron out some things and correct some habits that I fell into because of what happened with my elbow,” Prior said. “One thing I did learn, and after I’ve been reflecting, is how fortunate and valuable the time is when you’re healthy. At any moment, anything can happen. “The other day I was home watching [NFL quarterback] Drew Brees get hurt, and I see Carson Palmer go down two plays into the game. It’s a very fragile existence from that standpoint.” He’s well aware of the business side of baseball, too. “As far as everything I’ve heard, they weren’t dangling me out there and trying to get rid of me,” Prior said. He’d like to stay with the Cubs. “I love playing here. I have no desire to leave,” he said. “I love playing in the city of Chicago; I love this town. I don’t think I could’ve been as fortunate as I was to fall here out of college. Not too many people get the luxury of coming to a city like Chicago. It’s a great city, a great town and I love being here. It’s a great town to play baseball in.”

Prior had become arbitration eligible when he used his option to void the final year of his original contract signed in 2001. Under the original terms, he was to make $2.75 million this year. Prior had asked for $4 million, while the Cubs countered with an offer of $3.3 million. Arbitration arrived at the $3.65 million figure. “We’re certainly glad to have it done,” said Cubs’ general manager Jim Hendry. “Our stance is always to try to work with the representative, John Boggs, to a conclusion of fairness to avoid the process if we can. This was something we wanted to do, and hopefully Mark will have a great 2006.”

Other current Cubs arbitration-eligible players include infielder Jerry Hairston, outfielder Juan Pierre, and pitchers Will Ohman and Carlos Zambrano. Cubs’ general manager Jim Hendry and team president Andy MacPhail have never gone to arbitration with a player. Hendry said he is continuing to negotiate with the players’ representatives in hopes of reaching an agreement.

Players with at least three years seniority in the Major Leagues, plus the longest active 17 percent of those with between two and three years service, are eligible for salary arbitration. Mark Prior, for example, now has three years, 131 days of Major League service time.

How does arbitration work? Players and teams exchange figures, and if no agreement is reached between the two, the case is referred to an arbitrator. Pierre, 28, whom the Cubs acquired from the Florida Marlins for three Minor League pitchers, made $3.7 million in 2005. He is coming off a season in which he hit .276 with two homers, 47 RBIs and 57 stolen bases in 162 games. The center fielder asked for $6.5 million, while the Cubs offered $5 million.

Cubs’ pitcher Zambrano earned $3.76 million last season and led the Cubs in wins with 14. He established career highs in starts (33), innings pitched (223 1/3) and strikeouts (202). Zambrano asked for $7.2 million, while the Cubs countered with an offer of $6 million. In his first season with the Cubs, Hairston, 29, made $1.8 million last season. He batted .261, hit four homers, 25 doubles and had 30 RBI. Hairston requested $2.6 million in 2006, while the Cubs offered $1.95 million. Ohman, 28, is seeking $775,000, while the Cubs offered $500,000. Ohman, who has three years, 40 days of Major League service time, made $320,000 in 2005 in his return to the big leagues. The left-hander, who has spent much time on the disabled list because of three elbow surgeries, was 2-2 with a 2.91 ERA in 69 games.

This article was written by F.R. Penn sponsored by http://www.stubhub.com. If you’re looking for online sports tickets for the next baseball game, look no further than Stubhub.com where fans buy and sell the hottest tickets. Reproductions of this article are encouraged but must include a link back to http://www.stubhub.com

Tennis has all variables in the spectrum of skills, tactics and strategies. In the rainbow of possibilities the attack stands out as one of the most interesting ones to me. After long years of playing the game myself, observing others play and teaching, I am lead to believe that you can not teach the attack nor be an attacker if your personality does not match it. We could go into a long argument about this and it would take plenty of our time and energy (you can always email me with your prespective on this). At the end, we would conclude that personality, inborn special skills, abilities and environment are the most important factors inherent to the development of a good all round attacking player. Therefore I will start with what I think is the general mosaic of the all around attacking player.

Attackers are:

- Bold

- Aggressive

- Risk takers (all or nothing types)

- Gamblers

- Opportunistic

- Fearless

- Creative and imaginative

- Persistent

- Unrelenting

- Predator

- Dominating

- Corageous

- Fierce competitors

Examples of all time great attackers:

Pancho Gonzalez “Although his high-speed serve, so effortlessly delivered, was a trademark, Gonzalez, a 6-foot-2, 180-pounder, was a splendid athlete and tactician who excelled at defense, too. “My legs, retrieving, lobs and change-of-pace service returns meant as much or more to me than my power,” he once said, “but people overlooked that because of the reputation of my serve.”

Althea Gibson “Gibson was a big hitter with an awesome serve. She liked to attack, but developed consistency at the baseline”

Margareth Court “Court was primarily an attacker, basing her game on a heavy serve and volley, and relying on athleticism and endurance. She could conquer with groundstrokes, though..”

Maria Ester Bueno ” As the So Paulo Swallow, she was slim, tall (5-foot-7) and quick, swooping to the net to conquer with piercing volleys. She was a blend of power and touch, a woman of superb movement and rhythms.”

Billie Jean King “An aggressive, emotional player who has often said, “You have to love to guts it out to win,” Billie Jean specialized in serve-and-volley tactics, aided by quickness and a highly competitive nature.”

Evone Goolagong “She was a natural, a free-flowing right-hander blessed with speed, lightning reflexes and a carefree temperament.”

Martina Navratilova “Despite her upbringing on slow clay in the small town of Revnice, outside of Prague, she has always been a tornado-like attacker, a net-rusher”

Lew Hoad ” Hoad, a strapping 5-foot-8, 175-pounder with a gorilla chest and iron wrists, may have been the strongest man to play tennis in the world class. He blistered the ball and became impatient with rallying, preferring to hit for winners. It was a flamboyant style, and made for some bad errors when he wasn’t in tune. But when his power was focused along with his concentration, Hoad came on like a tidal wave. He was strong enough to use topspin as an offensive drive. He was assault minded, but had enough control to win the French title on slow clay in 1956.”

Roy Emerson ” Fitness was his hallmark. He trained hard and was always ready for strenuous matches and tournaments. Although primarily a serve-and volleyer, he could adapt to the rigors of slow courts”

Rod Laver “Few champions have been as devastating and dominant as Laver was as amateur and pro during the 1960s. An incessant attacker, he was nevertheless a complete player who glowed in backcourt and at the net. Laver’s 5-foot-81/2, 145 pound body seemed to dangle from a massive left arm that belonged to a gorilla, an arm with which he bludgeoned the ball and was able to impart ferocious topspin. Although others had used topspin, Laver may have inspired a wave of heavy-hitting topspin practitioners of the 1970s such as Bjorn Borg and Guillermo Vilas. The stroke became basic after Laver. “

John Newcombe ” Newcombe’s serve, forehand and volley were the backbone of his attacking game, was at its best on grass. His heavy serve was possibly the best of his era. Grass was the setting for his foremost singles wins, the three Wimbledon plus two U.S. Championships at Forest Hi 1967 and 1973. “You’re only as good as: second serve and first volley,” was the motto of this intelligent, fun-loving Aussie, and he lived up to it. “

Arthur Ashe “Although Ashe was always a winner, a man of strong character, poised and able to overcome racial blocks, it took him a while to harness his power, groove, his groundstrokes and become a thoughtful player, comfortable on all surfaces.”

John McEnroe “A 5-foot-11, 170-pound left-hander, McEnroe stands as perhaps the most skilled–and controversial–of all players. Brilliant in doubles and singles, he was distinguished by shotmaking artistry, competitive fire and a volatile temper….. A magnificent volleyer with a feathery touch, he was an attacker whose fast court style netted four U.S. Open and three Wimbledon singles. But he had the baselining strength to have done well on clay at the French, a title he might have won at his zenith in 1984. In the final he led Ivan Lendl, 2-0 in sets only to be distracted by temperamental outbursts, and was beaten, 3-6, 2-6, 6-4, 7-5, 7-5.”

Boris Becker “Becker’s game featured a big serve, heavy groundstrokes and penetrating volleys. A crowd favorite at Wimbledon, he reached the finals seven times in 10 years” ….and Pat Cash, Stefan Edberg, Patrick Rafter, Pete Sampras, Tim Henman and Roger Federer to name a few.

*You can find these biographies at http://www.tennisfame.com/enshrinees_atoz.html

What makes the pure attackers such a rare breed? I could argue that they have to develop the whole spectrum of skills in the tennis game, while others limit themselves to just using a small part of it. In addition they have to be faster, jump higher, react faster at all times, need more intensity, concentration and produce a lot more bursts of high energy and speed when they play. Finally, they have to be more resistant, stronger, train harder, more intense, more explosive with more demanding programs and play a more precise game. All in all they are simply better developed athletes and players.

Let us look at some situations we commonly see at the pro level:

While a baseliner can afford to patiently hit cross court balls 6 to 8 feet from the side lines in order to get the openings needed, an attacker has to take a much higher degree of risk and precision by playing a lot closer to the same lines and many times by just a few inches.

While a baseliner will comfortably place his powerful kick second serves 2 feet or even 5 feet from the service box lines, a serve and volley player will have to go for the line or the minimal margin possible plus he will have to play a forcing service that often is as powerful as a 1st service with more spin.

How many times do we see baseliners ramming the ball cross court as hard as they can at the attacker to obtain an easy volley with no consideration on placement? As in contrast the attacker will have to play his volley with pin point accuracy, thus if he wants to get a chance at a second volley or win the point.

To prepare his attacks the all round player needs to develop a baseline game that often matches and surpasses the quality of the baseline players game specialists. In many cases this plus the fact that they need more physical maturity, is the reason why many attacking players tend to be late “bloomers” on the ATP/WTA circuit.

In addition to the many other facets of the all round serve and volley attacking game this is why it is such a pleasure to watch a serve and volley attacking player, because we are watching ultimate tennis, win or loose by inches, risk and excitement at all instances!

All of these demands, physical, mental and psychological are not for the faint at heart, so the great majority of tennis players go the easy way, the baseline game! Nevertheless by doing so they forego the most exciting part of the game of tennis, sometimes the most rewarding as well, which is the attack!

Now, if you are not an attacker yet, I hope I may have gotten you interested in it. In my next article, I will elaborate on each trait of the all round player plus I will give you some tips on how to develop a solid attacking game. For comments or ideas about this article please email the author Sergio Cruz

Copyright © 1999-2005 Tenniscruz.com®. All rights reserved.

Sérgio Cruz is an ex # 1 National Champion, Davis Cup Player from Portugal and former Coach Jim Courier ATP World Ranking # 1

cruz@tenniscruz.com http://www.tenniscruz.com

Assuming you do not understand betting establishment games of chance, be sure to read this —

The most common definition of a gaming hall is an edifice that organizes gaming. Guests are invited to game by having a bash at the slot machines or alternate pastimes of chance. Casino games most likely include logically determined probabilities constituting them that guarantee the gaming hall preserves an over the gaming aficionados.

Often betting room games can result in you becoming overly habituated very rapidly. Take the infamous one-armed bandit, a coin munching gizmo with three or more gears which orbit when a bar on the side is moved. This contraption mostly pays out referring to a range of pictures asvisible on the panel of the appliance. Deplorably, gaming establishment pastimes allow the fantasy of mental power, thus tricking the customer — the participant is challenged with make alternatives, but in actual fact these can’t match up the customer’s fundamental disadvantage. This is caused by the the gaming room never paying out the entire wager as hoped for. This system is repeatedly found in famous casino games such as Texas hold’em poker, dice, roulette or blackjack.

Blind Poker is indeed an immensely trendy casino game. The gaming fans, playing with fully obscured hands, wager in a central pot which is ultimately given to the last punter owning the winning set of cards. (Obviously, the coolest bluffer may well prevail ..)

best online casino bonus for us players

Quite like seven card stud, blackjack too is a very fashionable casino game. A sizeable portion of its notoriety is due to the mix of chance and cleverness and choice making, as well as a practice named card counting. The aforementioned is a peculiar gaming tactics through which gaming fans are in a position to significantly change the probabilities of the game for their own ends by both betting and procedural opetations in agreement with the hands shown.

Craps is a famous game where people place bets on the roll of 2 dice. Bettors must make wagers on the outcome of of one spin, or on a succession of cycles on two dice. Dissimilar to blackjack, there’s no feasible bona fide killer strategy people can employ to improve the odds.

Roulette is another famous casino game of luck. Here a croupier twirls a roulette wheel holding a set of 37 (in the case of European roulette) or precisely 38 (American or Vegas roulette) independently tagged chambers in which the pellet will come to rest, which determines the winning number and the other chances that will always go along with it. Assuming that our participant bets on any given number and hits it meaning they’ve got a lucky hand, the set return is going to be thirty-five to one, the original stake is returned. Therefore in totality the original pledge is multiplied by thirty six.

The Staples Center, located in Los Angeles, California, is the home court of three teams: the Lakers, the Clippers, and the Kings. It contains a total of 12 locker rooms and dressing rooms, with specifically designated rooms for each of the three home teams. Having opened in October of 1999, it is a fairly new facility with lots of new technology. There are 1,200 television monitors throughout the facility, and spectators can choose from 23 different refreshment stands in five separate concourse areas (there are also two restaurants in the arena). The arena accommodates just short of 19,000 people for a basketball game.

Madison Square Garden has been the name of four separate arenas in New York, with the original having been in the Garden itself. The Garden, as it is referred to in short, is the home of the New York Knicks, as well as the New York Liberty (of the WNBA). It also houses home games for the Red Storms (St. John’s college basketball team) and is actually one of the busiest venues in the United States, hosting a total of 320 events each year. For a standard game of basketball, the arena seats 19,763 and features 20,976 square feet of floor space.

For the latest Basketball odds, check us out.
For Basketball betting systems, check our Systems page.

Broad band can often loosely be described as fierce speedy net and has all but over taken from dial-up www connections. annoying dial- up internet connections, which were the earliest systems to offer dwellings with www access through a dial up modem, use all of the available phone line and frequently run at only thirty three kb per second. Broadband technology, which uses ADSL ,also known as Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, technology via traditional copper phone lines, is able to give you at the very least two times that dial up modem speed which is amazing and as if that wasn’t enough already it will traditionally not cause any trouble to the phone line.

Super fast broadband has turned out to be increasingly low cost & available over the past 4 years or so & 2 nowdays regularly used by the majority of home www users in the Great British Isle. There are a gigantic number of broadband companies who offer fast broadband services, each particular one supplying several priced deals with innumerable benefits. One of the big time current focus points for Super fast broadband is the its speed with the users these days becoming increasingly interested in purchasing the best connection possible as online games, music and videos turned out to be more & more attractive & broadly attainable on the net. The dial up modem speed of a broadband internet connection depends on a number of things, the most essential being how near the Residence is the to the nearest land exchange box and the quality of the copper cable between the box & the home. Find fantastic broadband deals with compare broadband

One of the ways High speed broadband dial up modem speed can be hugely enhanced is with the use of fibre optic cables, which do not suffer from dial up modem speed depreciation over most distances. Many other countries in the world have large distances. fibre optic networks & some, like Japan & South Korea, are supplying High speed broadband speeds of up to 100mbps all that is really brilliant The Country is eager to bring itself in line with all these countries and people might be content to know that British Telecom recently brought out their plans to provide a considerable fibre optic network throughout the country, at a cost of 1.5 billion pounds, reaching up to 10 million locations by 2012 & providing speeds of up to 100mbps in most locations, with an average of 40-50mbps.

When you know someone that loves to watch wrestling and never misses a match on T.V., then you may want to consider getting him or her WWE tickets for a special present. This will be some thing that they will really enjoy and have a great time seeing all of their favorite wrestlers at the same time.

You can get anyone WWE tickets for a gift. There are so many people that have an interest in the wrestling entertainment world. More and more adults as well as children are learning what this sport is all about. They are learning about the wrestlers and the story behind the championships that are being won at all of the special events.

Make sure that the person that you want to get WWE tickets for is going to be available to go to the event on that date. You can make up an excuse about why you want to know and then get the tickets. You do not want to get the tickets for someone that is not going to be able to go. Most of the time the tickets are non refundable and so you do not want to loose your money that you have invested for the tickets.

When you want to find out if there is a WWE event coming to your town, you can simply go on their official online site to find out when the events are scheduled. You can find out all of the information that you will need to get the arrangements made so that you can get someone that you love to see the special events.

WWE tickets can also be found online and you can purchase them for any event that you want. You can have the tickets sent to you or the receiver so that they can have them in plenty of time for the wrestling event. This will be a great present for the person and they will certainly enjoy the fun of this kind of present.

WWE tickets can be given to a child or adult. If they are given to someone that is under the age of 18, it is going to be necessary for them to have an adult to accompany them to the event. However, you can have a great time with the person and see what the WWE is all about. You will have many memories and a blast when you see all of the entertainment this is offered with this type of fun.

Kari Eriksson is an infopreneur and a sports fan since many years. Already as a child he watched WWE and was intriged by these events. He now runs the site http://www.mywwetickets.com where you can find articles, useful resources and links to tickets.

What kind of golf clubs are you playing with these days? Are they the golf clubs that you should have chosen? Really? Do you even know? There are many different kinds of golf clubs out there and if you did not check them all out before you made your final decision you have no way of knowing if you choose correctly.

Purchasing golf clubs is one of the most important things, if not the most important thing that you will ever have to do when it comes to playing golf. Your golf game is going to depend on the golf clubs that you choose to play with. Your swing is everything to your game and without the right golf clubs you will not be able to swing the right way.

When choosing the right golf clubs you need to take a good long look at the shaft. The flexibility of the shaft of any golf club is going to tell you a lot about the club. Not everyone is comfortable with the same amount of flexibility and you need to find the golf clubs that you are the most comfortable with. Try out many different flexibility levels to see what suits you the best. The golf stores will let you do this. Even if you plan to buy them for less online you can still visit a golf store to see how the golf clubs feel in your hands. I recommend everyone do this before they commit to any particular golf clubs.

While you are in the golf store get your swing measured. This will also help you to find the best possible golf clubs for your golf game.

Different golf clubs have different lengths and not all lengths suit all golfers. You need to check out the different lengths to see which will suit your body and your game the best. In most cases a standard length is the way to go but short people and tall people will need a different length when it comes to their golf clubs. You do not want to have to bend in order to hit the ball, the length of your golf clubs is another essential aspect to a good golf game.

You will also want to take into consideration your handicap in golf. This too will have a bearing on the golf clubs that you should be choosing the next time you are in the market for new clubs.

Your ability in golf will have a direct bearing on your choice of golf clubs as well. There are golf clubs that are made for those just beginning to play golf and golf clubs made for pros. If you are just starting to play the game and you are not even sure that you are going to like it yet then you do not want to go out and spend hundreds or even thousands of dollars on your golf clubs do you? That would be crazy. What if you end up hating it? It is a far better idea to start out in a more affordable price range with your first golf clubs.

When you’re preparing to pass the BSCI exam on the way to the coveted Cisco CCNP certification, you can be quickly overwhelmed by the sheer amount of BGP and OSPF knowledge you must demonstrate a mastery of. One set of details that some BSCI and CCNP candidates underestimate are the differences between the OSPF router types. The OSPF router types seem straightforward enough, but what you must keep in mind is that a router can fill more than one of these roles!

An OSPF Internal router has one rule - it must have all its interfaces in a single area. It does not mean that area has to be Area 0.

An OSPF Backbone router is a router with at least a single area in the OSPF backbone area, Area 0. A router can be both an Internal and Backbone router if all its interfaces are in Area 0.

An Area Border Router has at least one interface in Area 0 and another interface in a non-backbone area. ABRs are also one of two router types that can perform OSPF route summarization. (To advertise a summary route from one OSPF area to another, use the area range command on the ABR.)

Finally, an ASBR is an OSPF router that is performing route redistribution by injecting routes from another source into the OSPF domain. This is the other OSPF router type that can perform route summarization; to summarize routes being redistributed into OSPF, use the summary-address command on the ASBR.

There are several commands you can use to determine the router types in a given OSPF area. The command “show ip ospf” will display quite a bit of information regarding the local router, and this includes whether that router is acting as an ABR or ASBR. To see the routes to the ABRs and ASBRs from the local router, run “show ip ospf border-routers”.

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free CCNP and CCNA tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages.

For a FREE copy of his latest e-books, “How To Pass The CCNA” and “How To Pass The CCNP”, just visit the website! You can also get FREE CCNA and CCNP exam questions every day! Pass the BSCI exam with The Bryant Advantage!